
I had already read all the information that WeAct offers, including the information you linked, but had overlooked the fact that WeAct offers an ExternalLoader for downloading and had therefore worked with a different downloader. I noticed this on my own this morning, but I still overlooked the fact that I can't flash the QSPI Flash via DFU.
After reading your answer, I read through each step again and then I realised that I had to use an STLINK. Then, of course, flashing firmware1.bin worked straight away and I was able to access the board immediately via Repl.